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Deadlines
(Previous Conference: ESG 2016, Vienna, Austria, January 15-17, 2016)
PLENARY SPEAKERS:
Prof. Mihai Cruceru, Engineering Faculty, University "Constantin Brancusi" of Targu Jiu, ROMANIA, e-mail: cruceru@utgjiu.ro
Title: "Coal Ash - From Polluting Waste to Raw Material"
Abstract: Romania has the largest and most stable power system in the Balkans area and it is synchronously interconnected to the European grid. The lignite-fired power plants proved to be crucial for covering the Romanian electricity consumption especially during winters and extended periods of drought. They also contributed with a significant share to the stability of the power system throughout the entire region. During the latest years this role has become increasingly prominent.
Although Romania has developed electricity generation technologies, the lignite-fired power plants still play a significant role, covering approximately 25% from electricity consumption in Romania. For many years in the past, the lignite-fired power plants used to cover over 40% of power consumption. The ash and slag resulted from lignite combustion were dumped in huge landfills (tens of million cubic meters storage capacity). These landfills, even if they were closed, continue to impact negatively the environment by: modifying the composition and quality of the soil in the vicinity due to deposition of ash particles, pollution of ground water by infiltration, accumulation of heavy metals in local flora and damage to human health. Although various measures to diminish the environmental impact are available, the use of ash as a potential raw material could be considered as a better solution.
In response to recent demand increase caused by emerging technologies, the European Commission (EC) established the Raw Materials Initiative to limit the impact that material supply shortages may have on the European economy. In the study released by the EC assessing materials in critical demand, natural graphite and some heavy metals were identified as exhibiting a high supply risk and high economic importance.
Based on this finding, my research team is currently working in two ERANET projects, the main aims being: recovery of carbonaceous residue (char) from coal ash as a substitute for graphite based materials, separation of heavy metals from coal ash, and identifying solutions for recycling the remaining inorganic matter after separation as granular aggregate - ceramic binder - for manufacturing construction materials.
The methodology used, the laboratory tests performed and the results are presented in detail.
Prof. Cornelia Aida Bulucea, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, ROMANIA, e-mail: abulucea@em.ucv.ro
Title: "Integrating Technical and Ecological Aspects in the Sustainability Approach to Electric Power Systems"
Abstract: It is widely accepted that sustainable development is a key concept that empowers two complementary aspects, namely the energy savings and the environmental impact of anthropogenic activities. In line with this idea, integrating technical and ecological aspects should represent a significant challenge to humanity within the present industrial world. Many feel that redefining the processes of human activities within the framework of industrial ecology refers to a commitment towards a sustainable industrial metabolism. Nowadays the electrical power is used all over the world, and standards of life and civilization are unfortunately too often interpreted in correlation with the use of electricity. Taking a holistic view, this lecture focuses on highlighting that industrial ecology permits an alternate view of safe and sustainable operation of electric power equipment and systems, related both to technical and environmental reference systems. Sustainability concepts linked to mathematical models could optimize the efficiencies of electric power systems, and modelling of an electric power system according to an industrial ecosystem pattern enhances thinking that anthropogenic activities can and should be viewed in concert with the entire system on Earth.